The necropolis, also called City of the Dead, are a cluster of tombs often arranged in a disorderly manner, but sometimes integrated in a complex of town planning; they are different depending on the ages, civilizations and religious beliefs of the people who have influenced the type of cemetery.
Among the most popular there are the Necropolis of the Crucifix of Tufo and Cannicella (Orvieto), the Necropolis of Pianezze (in Grotte di Castro), the Necropolis of Monterozzi (Tarquinia) and archaeological sites Dometaia and Le Ville (in Colle Val d’Elsa).
The Necropolis of the Crucifix of Tufo is located at the base of the cliff of Orvieto, near the church which gave the area its name; much of the material from the cemetery is on display at the Museo Claudio Faina in Orvieto. It consists of a cluster of about seventy small tombs very similar in shape and size, made of bricks of tuff.
Some of these tombs can be visited, and are small and narrow – the measures are about 3 meters by 2 meters – and are accessed via the steps leading down; inside are archaic shelves for containing kits (mostly tools and objects that were believed to be useful to the deceased: spears for hunting and war, pots, mirrors and jewelry) and the dead themselves.
Opposite lays the Necropolis Cannicella, famous for the discovery of a statue of Greek origin which depicts a nude woman, much like Venus.
A few kilometers from Grotte di Castro stands the Necropolis of Pianezze that develops itself along the tuff of a hill overlooking the ditch called FiumeLargo; the tombs show a clear difference between the outside (made with care) and internal (where only the access area presents an accurate execution) in contrast to the summary execution of the back rooms. The tombs were assigned to families with good economic opportunities.
Near Tarquinia extends the Necropolis of Monterozzi, UNESCO World Heritage since 2004, considered the oldest and the richest because of artistic experience: among his more than six thousand graves there are at least two hundred tombs with frescoes.
The walls are painted with scenes from the magical-religious depictions of funeral banquets, dancers and musicians but also demons and deities.
Among the most interesting tombs include the tombs which are called the Warrior, the Hunting and Fishing, the Lionesses, Augurs, Jugglers, the Leopards, the Garlands, the Baron, Ogre and Shields. Part of the paintings, detached from some of the tombs in order to preserve them (Tomb of the Chariots, the Triclinium, the Funeral bed of Burial Ship), are kept in the National Etruscan Museum of Tarquinia; others are directly visible on the wall on which they were made.
The Etruscan Necropolis of Dometaia was known since the XIX century but only in the XX century were made extensive excavations and works of cleaning and restoration; in fact many of the graves were violated and robbed. The remaining objects are on display at the National Archaeological Museum in Siena and at the Archaeological Museum Ranuccio Bianchi Bandinelli in Colle Val d’Elsa, which also houses the finds from the necropolis at the urban Le Ville.